Discussion
Read the following articles. Provide three important points you took from each article:
- The Effects of Different Types of Dietary Advice for Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Pregnancy Outcomes (2018)
- Preeclampsia: Current Approaches to Nursing Management (2017)
- Effects of an interdisciplinary practice bundle for second-stage labor on clinical outcomes (2018)
- Implementing skin-to-skin care in the operating room after cesarean birth (2015)
You must provide a complete APA reference for one of the articles and reply to one peer.
The Effects of Different Types of Dietary Advice for Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Pregnancy Outcomes (2018)
Hyperglycemia during pregnancy is associated with elevated risk of hypertensive disorders during the pregnancy, preterm labor, cesarian delivery, and later metabolic disorders. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk of adverse clinical consequences of the fetus including macrosomia, large size for gestational age, and respiratory distress syndrome.
GDM is defined as glucose intolerance or high glucose concentration that starts or is first recognized during pregnancy.
Children born to mothers with GDM have nearly twice the risk of childhood obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Whitehead, L. (2018). The effects of different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus on pregnancy outcomes. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 32(4), 175–176.
https://doi.org/10.1097/nur.0000000000000382
Preeclampsia: Current Approaches to Nursing Management (2017)
There are 4 hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Chronic hypertension predates pregnancy or develops before 20 weeks of gestation. Gestational hypertension is a new onset of hypertension that develops in previous normotensive women after 20 weeks of gestation in the absence of proteinuria. Preeclampsia-eclampsia is the new onset of hypertension that develops in normotensive women after 20 weeks and is accompanied either by new-onset proteinuria, or in the absence of proteinuria, by signs of multisystem involvement. Chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia is preeclampsia that develops in women who have chronic hypertension.
Risk factors for preeclampsia include history of preeclampsia, prior placental abruption, prior fetal growth restriction, prior stillbirth, nulliparity, advanced maternal age, being overweight or obese, and a medical history including chronic hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, lupus erythematous, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, assisted reproduction, and multifetal pregnancy.
It was interesting to see that research has potentially found biomarkers for those who may develop preeclampsia. There are certain proteins found to be overexpressed in first- and second-trimester blood samples drawn from women who have later developed preeclampsia.
Effects of an interdisciplinary practice bundle for second-stage labor on clinical outcomes (2018)
The ACOG suggests that clinicians should use a low-interventional approach for labor management to help women meet their labor and birth goals and to improve satisfaction. The article discussed how there is a disconnect between nurses and physicians regarding when to intervene during labor.
In a 2013 survey, it was found that more than 60% of women agreed that “giving birth is a process that should not be interfered with unless medically necessary”.
Research has linked unnecessary interventions and mismanagement of second-stage labor with disruption of normal maternal-fetal hormonal physiology in low-risk women. This disruption results in an increased maternal-fetal risk of immediate and long-term harm and cesarian births and can have a negative impact on the mother’s birth experience.
Implementing skin-to-skin care in the operating room after cesarean birth (2015)
Skin-to-skin (STS) care, also known as kangaroo care, has been associated with positive outcomes such as successful breastfeeding, early infant stabilization, and breastfeeding at discharge.
Early STS contact has shown to increase maternal-infant attachment and leads to the mother feeling more confident in caring for her infant. In one study, 57% of women who had a cesarian and experienced STS care did not require additional pain medication compared to only 47% of mothers who did not experience STS care.
STS care for mothers who have cesareans is typically in the recovery room rather than in the operating room but some experts are advocating for it in the operating room. To be most effective, STS care should be initiated within 30 minutes of the birth as long as the mother is awake, stable, and able to respond to her infant immediately.
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Whitehead, L. (2018). The Effects of Different Types of Dietary Advice for Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Pregnancy Outcomes. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 32(4), 175–176. doi:10.1097/nur.0000000000000382.
Gestational diabetes mellitus affects a great number of pregnant women every year. Gestational diabetes mellitus can therefore be defined as high levels of blood glucose concentration that is first recognizable at the onset of pregnancy.
Gestational diabetes mellitus indicates strongly that a patient may later develop T2D. Gestational diabetes also increases the risk of poor health outcomes of the fetus and the matter.
In the study conducted, there were no benefits of the diet investigated in healthy control of gestational diabetes in pregnant women.
Anderson, C. M., & Schmella, M. J. (2017). CE. AJN, American Journal of Nursing, 117(11), 30–38. doi:10.1097/01.naj.0000526722.268
Preeclampsia continues to be one of the most prevalent hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.
The current approaches to the nursing management of preeclampsia Include accurate blood pressure monitoring and measurement.
The monitoring of changes in body weight is also an important aspect of current approaches to nursing management of preeclampsia.
Finally, assessing the severity of preeclampsia in a pregnant woman will be important to determine the optimal time of delivery to avoid any form of complications.
Garpiel, S. J. (2018). Effects of an Interdisciplinary Practice Bundle for Second-Stage Labor on Clinical Outcomes. MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 43(4), 184–194. doi:10.1097/nmc.0000000000000438
Second stage labor practices can play a significant role in helping in achievement of safety reduction of primary cesarean birth in low-risk nulliparous women.
Second stage labor practices can also help to optimize fetal and maternal outcomes associated with birth and labor.
Nurses can also utilize second-stage labor practices to improve women’s birth satisfaction and support physiological birth.
Sundin, C. S., & Mazac, L. B. (2015). Implementing Skin-to-Skin Care in the Operating Room After Cesarean Birth. MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 40(4), 249–255. doi:10.1097/nmc.000000000000014
Implementing skin-to-skin (STS) care in the OR after a cesarean birth plays a significant role in boosting maternal satisfaction among women.
Implementing STS care in the OR also played a significant role in reducing the maternal perception of pain compared to women who did not perform skin-to-skin care after cesarean birth.
Health caregivers should therefore utilize STS care in cesarean births to enhance the birth experience and enhance other positive implications.
References
Anderson, C. M., & Schmella, M. J. (2017). CE. AJN, American Journal of Nursing, 117(11),
30–38. doi:10.1097/01.naj.0000526722.268
Garpiel, S. J. (2018). Effects of an Interdisciplinary Practice Bundle for Second-Stage Labor on
Clinical Outcomes. MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 43(4), 184–194. doi:10.1097/nmc.0000000000000438
Sundin, C. S., & Mazac, L. B. (2015). Implementing Skin-to-Skin Care in the Operating Room
After Cesarean Birth. MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 40(4), 249–255. doi:10.1097/nmc.000000000000014
Whitehead, L. (2018). The Effects of Different Types of Dietary Advice for Women with
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Pregnancy Outcomes. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 32(4), 175–176. doi:10.1097/nur.0000000000000382.