ASSIGNMENT- PHN 652- TOPIC 4- Community Health Needs Assessment Report
PLEASE REFER TO ORDER 133833 TO COMPLETE THIS PAPER. I have uploaded a copy of order 133833 for reference.
Community Health Needs Assessment Report
The purpose of this assignment is to apply the public health nursing practice model in order to write a community needs assessment report. Utilizing the data collected from the Topic-3 chosen population (In ORDER NUMBER 133833) write a 1,100 word community needs assessment report with the following information:
1. A description of the community or population researched.
2. Explanation of current data available.
3. Summary of health needs identified through analysis of data.
4. Description of the data collection method planned for collecting secondary data.
5. Description of at least one key health issue/need from a nursing diagnosis, including the micro, meso, and macro level.
6. Summary of at least one social determinant of the health issue identified.
7. Brief outline of a plan for addressing the chosen health need.
Include three to five resources in your paper.
Prepare this assignment according to the APA 7 Style guidelines. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric.
Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
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Solution
Description of Community or Population Researched
The population of focus is adolescents between 12 to 18 years old. Different studies that have been conducted by the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) have therefore indicated that the prevalence of alcohol and substance abuse is quite high among adolescents who are normally attending high school. The high prevalence of alcohol and substance abuse among high school students is also closely related to a rising prevalence of mental health issues among adolescents who are between 12 to 18 years (SAMHSA, 2019). The adolescence stage of a young person’s life is therefore characterized by peer pressure as an individual tries to create a personality and identity. The peer pressure that affects adolescents can therefore have significant negative impacts, especially if the peer group is involved in negative habits such as substance and alcohol abuse. Most people across the US are therefore introduced into drugs and substance abuse in the adolescent stage as they seek to blend into their peer group. Young people aged between 12 to 18 years are also more susceptible to mental health issues such as depression which can result from abusing substances or not fitting into a peer group (CDC, 2020).
Current Data Available
According to the CDC, marijuana, alcohol, and tobacco are some of the most abused substances by adolescents between 12 to 18 years of age in the US. According to the CDC, before reaching 12 grade, nearly two-thirds of all will have attempted taking alcohol (CDC, 2020). On the other hand, 50% of 9th to 12th-grade students reported having used marijuana while about four in every ten students between 9 to 12 grades reported smoking cigarettes. 2 in every ten 12th graders also reported using prescription medicine without having a prescription (CDC, 2020). According to the CDC, individuals between 12 to 20 years of age in the US consume about one-tenth of all the alcohol that is produced in the country. This is despite alcohol being illegal for people below 21 years of age (CDC, 2020).
The high prevalence of alcohol and substance abuse among adolescents between 12 to 18 years can therefore have numerous adverse health impacts on the populations, which includes affecting the development and growth of such teenagers, including their brain development (Oh et al., 2017). Alcohol substance abuse in adolescent years can also contribute to the development of problems such as high blood pressure, sleep disorders, and heart disease during adulthood. Substance and alcohol abuse among Adolescents also frequently occurs with other risky behaviors such as dangerous driving and having unprotected sex (Oh et al., 2017).
Summary of Health Needs
Considering the rising prevalence of substance and alcohol abuse among adolescents between 12 and 18 years in the US, several health needs can be deduced in the population. The health needs of adolescents, therefore, include sexual and reproductive health needs, mental health needs, and frequent examinations and assessments (Das et al., 2016). The provision of mental health services such as guidance counseling and other psychotherapeutic services such as cognitive behavioral therapy among adolescents can go a long way in helping to prevent alcohol and substance abuse in the population. On the other hand, regular examination and assessment of the general health of adolescents can help in the detection of alcohol and substance abuse behaviors early at the beginning of interventions to address such behaviors (Das et al., 2016). Adolescents between 12 to 18 years also require sexual and reproductive health services that can play a significant role in preventing them from being involved in risky sexual behaviors and contracting sexually transmitted diseases (Das et al., 2016).
Data Collection Method for Secondary Data
The data collection method that can be utilized to collect secondary data on the prevalence of substance and alcohol abuse among adolescents between 12 to 18 years and the various causes and explanations of such behavior is evaluating government publications and public records. Federal Government agencies such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) normally conduct assessments of the prevalence of alcohol and substance abuse among adolescents and publish reports. The CDC also frequently publishes articles to explain the causes of alcohol substance abuse among adolescents between 12 to 18 years. The publications by government agencies such as the CDC and NIDA will therefore be utilized to obtain secondary data related to alcohol and substance abuse among adolescents between 12 to 18 years.
Key Health Issue from a Nursing Diagnosis
The main key health need from a nursing diagnosis related to the issue of alcohol and substance abuse among adolescents between 12 to 18 years is altered family processes. Altered family processes can therefore be related to adolescents coming from a family history of substance abuse. As a result of substance abuse and adolescence can therefore show shame, embarrassment, and anxiety or anger (Laski, 2015). An Adolescent might also be emotionally isolated, vulnerable, and have repressed emotions. An Adolescent might also have disturbed family dynamics and closed communication systems in the family and the disruption of family roles (Laski, 2015).
To address the nursing diagnosis of altered family processes, the ideal intervention on the micro-level would include reviewing the family history and trying to understand the circumstances that led an adolescent to abuse drugs, and eventually determining the areas of focus to enhance behavior change (Laski, 2015). On the other hand, on the Meso level, the nursing intervention would include introducing strategies to prevent substance abuse in a school that the particular adolescent attends. On the other hand, on the macro-level, the ideal nursing interventions would include advocacy efforts to ensure the adoption of strategies to prevent alcohol and substance abuse among adolescents across a given community or state (Laski, 2015).
Social Determinant of Health
The main social determinant of health on the issue of alcohol and substance abuse among adolescents between 12 to 18 years is age. Adolescents are more susceptible to peer pressure which increases their chances of abusing substances, especially if they interact with peers who are involved in alcohol and substance abuse (Das et al., 2016).
Plan for Addressing Chosen Health Need
To effectively address the challenge of alcohol and substance abuse among adolescents, the most effective interventions would include introducing substance and alcohol abuse prevention programs in high schools and formulating laws to limit the access of alcohol substances to adolescents. Substance and alcohol abuse prevention programs would therefore help to educate adolescents on the various dangers of substance and alcohol abuse and deter such groups from engaging in such behaviors.
References
CDC. (2020, February 10). Teen Substance Use & Risks. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved November 28, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fasd/features/teen-substance-use.html#:%7E:text=Alcohol%2C%20marijuana%2C%20and%20tobacco%20are,most%20commonly%20used%20by%20adolescents.&text=By%2012th%20grade%2C%20about%20two,of%20students%20have%20tried%20alcohol.&text=About%20half%20of%209th%20through,reported%20ever%20having%20used%20marijuana.&text=About%204%20in%2010%209th,students%20reported%20having%20tried%20cigarettes.
Das, J. K., Salam, R. A., Arshad, A., Finkelstein, Y., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2016). Interventions for Adolescent Substance Abuse: An Overview of Systematic Reviews. Journal of Adolescent Health, 59(4), S61–S75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.06.021
Laski, L. (2015). Realising the health and wellbeing of adolescents. BMJ, h4119. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h4119
Oh, S., Salas-Wright, C. P., & Vaughn, M. G. (2017). Trends in drug offers among adolescents in the United States, 2002–2014. Health & Justice, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40352-017-0051-4
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (SAMHSA) (2019). Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. PEP19-5068, NSDUH Series H-54). Rockville, MD: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/data/