NURS – 6501N
Week 1: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment
Discussion: Alterations in Cellular Processes. 2 Peer Respond.
At its core, pathology is the study of disease. Diseases occur for many reasons. But some, such as cystic fibrosis and Parkinson’s Disease, occur because of alterations that prevent cells from functioning normally.
Understanding signals and symptoms of alterations in cellular processes is a critical step in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For the Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN), this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.
For this Discussion, you examine a case study and explain the disease that is suggested. You examine the symptoms reported and explain the cells that are involved and potential alterations and impacts.
To prepare:
• By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific scenario for this Discussion. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.
By Day 3 of Week 1
Post an explanation of the disease highlighted in the scenario you were provided. Include the following in your explanation:
• The role genetics plays in the disease.
• Why the patient is presenting with the specific symptoms described.
• The physiologic response to the stimulus presented in the scenario and why you think this response occurred.
• The cells that are involved in this process.
• How another characteristic (e.g., gender, genetics) would change your response.
Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.
By Day 6 of Week 1
Respond to at least two of your colleagues on 2 different days and respectfully agree or disagree with your colleague’s assessment and explain your reasoning. In your explanation, include why their explanations make physiological sense or why they do not
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Solution
Response 2: Cellular Processes and the Genetic Environment Discussion: Alterations in Cellular Processes
Hello Kevin. I agree with your assessment of the patient’s presenting symptoms in the provided case study to come up with rhabdomyolysis as the primary diagnosis. I am also convinced with your rationale based on the patient’s hyperkalemia and necrotic tissues of the forearm and hip. One of the main causes of this condition is opioid abuse which was displayed as the reason behind the patient’s unresponsiveness resolved by naloxone (Nelson et al., 2021). You have further explained the cellular processes involved in the pathogenesis of the disease in the second paragraph. For instance, a decrease in the production of ATP leads to dysregulation of potassium, sodium, and calcium leading to peroxidation, apoptosis, and tissue breakdown. This explains the patient’s symptoms, in addition to hyperkalemia and tissue necrosis.
The last two paragraphs elaborate on the physiological response to stimulus and other characteristics in addition to genetic factors and the role they play in the disease process. However, the information that you have provided is quite limited, failing to mention the actual genetic factors associated with opioid overuse and the development of rhabdomyolyses, such as the DRD2 gene and opioid genes like OPRD1, OPRM1,and OPRK1(Agrawal et al., 2019). However, you have clearly defined how hyperkalemia is associated with the peaked T waves and prolonged PR intervals recorded by the patient. Your discussion is also missing information regarding additional factors such as gender, and occupation which would change the reasoning behind the disease process. For instance, studies show that working in industries and places with increased risk of trauma or injury are associated with an increased prevalence of rhabdomyolysis due to immobilization, extensive third-degree burns, and crush injury (Nelson et al., 2021).
References
Agrawal, S., Sharma, N., Jain, S., Attri, R., & Bhatia, M. S. (2019). Opioid-Induced Rhabdomyolysis with Acute Sensorimotor Axonal Neuropathy: An Unusual Presentation. Asian Journal of Case Reports in Medicine and Health, 1-3. https://doi.org/10.22037/emergency.v6i1.22475
Nelson, K. R., Dolbec, K., Watson, W., Yuan, H., & Ibraheem, M. (2021). Review of Neurologic Comorbidities in Hospitalized Patients with Opioid Abuse. Neurology: Clinical Practice. https://doi.org/10.1212/CPJ.0000000000001080